#!/usr/bin/python -u

 # The -u option above turns off block buffering of python output. This 
 # assures that each error message gets individually printed to the log file.

 #
 # Module: radmonAgent.py
 #

 # Description: This module acts as an agent between the radiation monitoring

 # device and Internet web services.  The agent periodically sends an http

 # request to the radiation monitoring device and processes the response from
 # the device and performs a number of operations:

 #     - conversion of data items

 #     - update a round robin (rrdtool) database with the radiation data
 #     - periodically generate graphic charts for display in html documents

 #     - write the processed radmon data to a JSON file for use by html

 #       documents

 #

 # Copyright 2015 Jeff Owrey

 #    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 #    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 #    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 #    (at your option) any later version.
 #
 #    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 #    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 #    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 #    GNU General Public License for more details.
 #
 #    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 #    along with this program.  If not, see http://www.gnu.org/license.
 #
 # Revision History

 #   * v20 released 15 Sep 2015 by J L Owrey; first release
 #   * v21 released 27 Nov 2017 by J L Owrey; bug fixes; updates

 #   * v22 released 03 Mar 2018 by J L Owrey; improved code readability;
 #         improved radmon device offline status handling

 #   * v23 released 16 Nov 2018 by J L Owrey: improved fault handling
 #         and data conversion

 #2345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890

 
 import os

 import urllib2

 import sys
 import signal

 import subprocess
 import multiprocessing

 import time
 import calendar
 
 _USER = os.environ['USER']
 

    ### DEFAULT RADIATION MONITOR URL ###

 # ip address of radiation monitoring device

 _DEFAULT_RADIATION_MONITOR_URL = "{your radiation monitor url}"

     ### FILE AND FOLDER LOCATIONS ###
 

 # folder for containing dynamic data objects

 _DOCROOT_PATH = "/home/%s/public_html/radmon/" % _USER

 # folder for charts and output data file

 _CHARTS_DIRECTORY = _DOCROOT_PATH + "dynamic/"

 # location of data output file

 _OUTPUT_DATA_FILE = _DOCROOT_PATH + "dynamic/radmonOutputData.js"

 # database that stores radmon data

 _RRD_FILE = "/home/%s/database/radmonData.rrd" % _USER

 
     ### GLOBAL CONSTANTS ###

 # max number of failed data requests allowed
 _MAX_FAILED_DATA_REQUESTS = 2

 # interval in seconds between data requests to radiation monitor
 _DEFAULT_DATA_REQUEST_INTERVAL = 5
 # defines how often the charts get updated in seconds
 _CHART_UPDATE_INTERVAL = 300
 # defines how often the database gets updated
 _DATABASE_UPDATE_INTERVAL = 30
 # number seconds to wait for a response to HTTP request
 _HTTP_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 3

 # standard chart width in pixels

 _CHART_WIDTH = 600

 # standard chart height in pixels

 _CHART_HEIGHT = 150

 # source of time stamp attached to output data file
 _USE_RADMON_TIMESTAMP = True

    ### GLOBAL VARIABLES ###
 

 # turn on or off of verbose debugging information

 debugOption = False

 verboseDebug = False
 
 # The following two items are used for detecting system faults
 # and radiation monitor online or offline status.
 
 # count of failed attempts to get data from radiation monitor

 failedUpdateCount = 0

 # detected status of radiation monitor device

 stationOnline = True

 # status of reset command to radiation monitor
 remoteDeviceReset = False

 # ip address of radiation monitor

 radiationMonitorUrl = _DEFAULT_RADIATION_MONITOR_URL

 # web update frequency
 dataRequestInterval = _DEFAULT_DATA_REQUEST_INTERVAL

   ###  PRIVATE METHODS  ###
 
 def getTimeStamp():
     """

     Set the error message time stamp to the local system time.

     Parameters: none

     Returns: string containing the time stamp

     """

     return time.strftime( "%m/%d/%Y %T", time.localtime() )

 ##end def
 

 def setStatusToOffline():

     """Set the detected status of the radiation monitor to
        "offline" and inform downstream clients by removing input
        and output data files.
        Parameters: none
        Returns: nothing

     """

     global stationOnline

     # Inform downstream clients by removing output data file.

     if os.path.exists(_OUTPUT_DATA_FILE):
        os.remove(_OUTPUT_DATA_FILE)

     # If the radiation monitor was previously online, then send
     # a message that we are now offline.

     if stationOnline:
         print '%s radiation monitor offline' % getTimeStamp()
     stationOnline = False

 ##end def
 

 def terminateAgentProcess(signal, frame):

     """Send a message to log when the agent process gets killed
        by the operating system.  Inform downstream clients
        by removing input and output data files.
        Parameters:
            signal, frame - dummy parameters

        Returns: nothing
     """

     # Inform downstream clients by removing output data file.
     if os.path.exists(_OUTPUT_DATA_FILE):
        os.remove(_OUTPUT_DATA_FILE)

     print '%s terminating radmon agent process' % \
               (getTimeStamp())
     sys.exit(0)
 ##end def
 

   ###  PUBLIC METHODS  ###
 

 def getRadiationData():

     """Send http request to radiation monitoring device.  The
        response from the device contains the radiation data as
        unformatted ascii text.
        Parameters: none 
        Returns: a string containing the radiation data if successful,
                 or None if not successful

     """

     global remoteDeviceReset

     sUrl = radiationMonitorUrl
 
     if remoteDeviceReset:
         sUrl += "/reset" # reboot the radiation monitor

     else:

         sUrl += "/rdata" # request data from the monitor

 
     try:

         conn = urllib2.urlopen(sUrl, timeout=_HTTP_REQUEST_TIMEOUT)

 
         # Format received data into a single string.
         content = ""
         for line in conn:
             content += line.strip()
         del conn
 

     except Exception, exError:
         # If no response is received from the device, then assume that
         # the device is down or unavailable over the network.  In

         # that case return None to the calling function.

         if debugOption:

             print "http error: %s" % exError

         return None
 
     return content

 ##end def
 

 def parseDataString(sData, dData):

     """Parse the radiation data JSON string from the radiation 
        monitoring device into its component parts.  
        Parameters:
            sData - the string containing the data to be parsed
            dData - a dictionary object to contain the parsed data items

        Returns: True if successful, False otherwise

     """
     try:

         sTmp = sData[2:-2]

         lsTmp = sTmp.split(',')
     except Exception, exError:

         print "%s parseDataString: %s" % (getTimeStamp(), exError)

         return False
 
     # Load the parsed data into a dictionary for easy access.

     for item in lsTmp:

         if "=" in item:
             dData[item.split('=')[0]] = item.split('=')[1]

     dData['status'] = 'online'

     # Verfy the expected number of data items have been received.

     if len(dData) != 6:

         print "%s parse failed: corrupted data string" % getTimeStamp()

         return False;
 

     return True
 ##end def
 

 def convertData(dData):

     """Convert individual radiation data items as necessary.
        Parameters:
            dData - a dictionary object containing the radiation data

        Returns: True if successful, False otherwise

     """
     try:

         if _USE_RADMON_TIMESTAMP:
             # Convert the UTC timestamp provided by the radiation monitoring
             # device to epoch local time in seconds.
             ts_utc = time.strptime(dData['UTC'], "%H:%M:%S %m/%d/%Y")
             epoch_local_sec = calendar.timegm(ts_utc)
             dData['ELT'] = epoch_local_sec
         else:
             # Use a timestamp generated by the requesting server (this)
             # instead of the timestamp provided by the radiation monitoring
             # device.  Using the server generated timestamp prevents errors
             # that occur when the radiation monitoring device fails to
             # synchronize with a valid NTP time server.
             dData['ELT'] = time.time()

         dData['Mode'] = dData['Mode'].lower()

         dData['uSvPerHr'] = '%.2f' % float(dData.pop('uSv/hr'))

     except Exception, exError:

         print "%s data conversion failed: %s" % (getTimeStamp(), exError)

         return False

     return True

 ##end def
 

 def writeOutputDataFile(dData):

     """Write radiation data items to the output data file, formatted as 
        a Javascript file.  This file may then be accessed and used by
        by downstream clients, for instance, in HTML documents.

        Parameters:

            dData - a dictionary object containing the data to be written
                    to the output data file
        Returns: True if successful, False otherwise

     """

     # Create temporary copy of output data items.
     dTemp = dict(dData)

     # Set date to current time and data

     dTemp['date'] = time.strftime("%m/%d/%Y %T", time.localtime(dData['ELT']))

     # Remove unnecessary data items.

     dTemp.pop('ELT')
     dTemp.pop('UTC')

 
     # Format the radmon data as string using java script object notation.

     sData = '[{'

     for key in dTemp:

         sData += '\"%s\":\"%s\",' % (key, dTemp[key])

     sData = sData[:-1] + '}]\n'

     if verboseDebug:

         print sData,

     # Write the string to the output data file for use by html documents.

     try:
         fc = open(_OUTPUT_DATA_FILE, "w")

         fc.write(sData)

         fc.close()
     except Exception, exError:

         print "%s writeOutputDataFile: %s" % (getTimeStamp(), exError)

         return False

     return True
 ## end def
 

 def setStationStatus(updateSuccess):

     """Detect if radiation monitor is offline or not available on
        the network. After a set number of attempts to get data
        from the monitor set a flag that the station is offline.
        Parameters:
            updateSuccess - a boolean that is True if data request
                            successful, False otherwise
        Returns: nothing
     """

     global failedUpdateCount, stationOnline
 
     if updateSuccess:
         failedUpdateCount = 0
         # Set status and send a message to the log if the station was
         # previously offline and is now online.
         if not stationOnline:
             print '%s radiation monitor online' % getTimeStamp()
             stationOnline = True
         if debugOption:

             print 'data request successful'

     else:

         # The last attempt failed, so update the failed attempts
         # count.

         failedUpdateCount += 1
         if debugOption:

            print 'data request failed'

 
     if failedUpdateCount >= _MAX_FAILED_DATA_REQUESTS:

         # Max number of failed data requests, so set
         # monitor status to offline.

         setStatusToOffline()
 ##end def
 

 def updateDatabase(dData):
     """

     Update the rrdtool database by executing an rrdtool system command.
     Format the command using the data extracted from the radiation

     monitor response.   
     Parameters: dData - dictionary object containing data items to be
                         written to the rr database file

     Returns: True if successful, False otherwise

     """

     global remoteDeviceReset
 
     # The RR database stores whole units, so convert uSv to Sv.

     SvPerHr = float(dData['uSvPerHr']) * 1.0E-06 

     # Format the rrdtool update command.

     strCmd = "rrdtool update %s %s:%s:%s" % \

                        (_RRD_FILE, dData['ELT'], dData['CPM'], SvPerHr)

     if verboseDebug:

         print "%s" % strCmd # DEBUG

 
     # Run the command as a subprocess.
     try:
         subprocess.check_output(strCmd, shell=True,  \
                              stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError, exError:
         print "%s: rrdtool update failed: %s" % \

                     (getTimeStamp(), exError.output)

         if exError.output.find("illegal attempt to update using time") > -1:
             remoteDeviceReset = True

             print "%s: rebooting radiation monitor" % (getTimeStamp())

         return False

     else:
         if debugOption:
             print 'database update sucessful'
         return True

 ##end def
 

 def createGraph(fileName, dataItem, gLabel, gTitle, gStart,
                 lower, upper, addTrend, autoScale):

     """Uses rrdtool to create a graph of specified radmon data item.

        Parameters:

            fileName - name of file containing the graph

            dataItem - data item to be graphed

            gLabel - string containing a graph label for the data item
            gTitle - string containing a title for the graph

            gStart - beginning time of the graphed data

            lower - lower bound for graph ordinate #NOT USED
            upper - upper bound for graph ordinate #NOT USED
            addTrend - 0, show only graph data
                       1, show only a trend line
                       2, show a trend line and the graph data
            autoScale - if True, then use vertical axis auto scaling
                (lower and upper parameters are ignored), otherwise use
                lower and upper parameters to set vertical axis scale

        Returns: True if successful, False otherwise

     """

     gPath = _CHARTS_DIRECTORY + fileName + ".png"

     trendWindow = { 'end-1day': 7200,
                     'end-4weeks': 172800,
                     'end-12months': 604800 }
  
     # Format the rrdtool graph command.
 
     # Set chart start time, height, and width.
     strCmd = "rrdtool graph %s -a PNG -s %s -e now -w %s -h %s " \
              % (gPath, gStart, _CHART_WIDTH, _CHART_HEIGHT)
    

     # Set the range and scaling of the chart y-axis.

     if lower < upper:

         strCmd  +=  "-l %s -u %s -r " % (lower, upper)
     elif autoScale:
         strCmd += "-A "
     strCmd += "-Y "

 
     # Set the chart ordinate label and chart title. 
     strCmd += "-v %s -t %s " % (gLabel, gTitle)

     # Show the data, or a moving average trend line over
     # the data, or both.

     strCmd += "DEF:dSeries=%s:%s:LAST " % (_RRD_FILE, dataItem)
     if addTrend == 0:
         strCmd += "LINE1:dSeries#0400ff "
     elif addTrend == 1:
         strCmd += "CDEF:smoothed=dSeries,%s,TREND LINE3:smoothed#ff0000 " \
                   % trendWindow[gStart]
     elif addTrend == 2:
         strCmd += "LINE1:dSeries#0400ff "
         strCmd += "CDEF:smoothed=dSeries,%s,TREND LINE3:smoothed#ff0000 " \
                   % trendWindow[gStart]
      

     if verboseDebug:

         print "\n%s" % strCmd # DEBUG

     # Run the formatted rrdtool command as a subprocess.

     try:

         result = subprocess.check_output(strCmd, \
                      stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,   \

                      shell=True)
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError, exError:

         print "rrdtool graph failed: %s" % (exError.output)

         return False
 
     if debugOption:

         print "rrdtool graph: %s" % result,

     return True

 ##end def
 

 def generateGraphs():
     """Generate graphs for display in html documents.
        Parameters: none

        Returns: nothing

     """
     autoScale = False
 

     createGraph('24hr_cpm', 'CPM', 'counts\ per\ minute', 

                 'CPM\ -\ Last\ 24\ Hours', 'end-1day', 0, 0, 2, autoScale)

     createGraph('24hr_svperhr', 'SvperHr', 'Sv\ per\ hour',

                 'Sv/Hr\ -\ Last\ 24\ Hours', 'end-1day', 0, 0, 2, autoScale)

     createGraph('4wk_cpm', 'CPM', 'counts\ per\ minute',

                 'CPM\ -\ Last\ 4\ Weeks', 'end-4weeks', 0, 0, 2, autoScale)

     createGraph('4wk_svperhr', 'SvperHr', 'Sv\ per\ hour',

                 'Sv/Hr\ -\ Last\ 4\ Weeks', 'end-4weeks', 0, 0, 2, autoScale)

     createGraph('12m_cpm', 'CPM', 'counts\ per\ minute',

                 'CPM\ -\ Past\ Year', 'end-12months', 0, 0, 2, autoScale)

     createGraph('12m_svperhr', 'SvperHr', 'Sv\ per\ hour',

                 'Sv/Hr\ -\ Past\ Year', 'end-12months', 0, 0, 2, autoScale)
 ##end def
 

 def getCLarguments():

     """Get command line arguments.  There are four possible arguments

           -d turns on debug mode

           -v turns on verbose debug mode

           -t sets the radiation device query interval
           -u sets the url of the radiation monitoring device

        Returns: nothing

     """

     global debugOption, verboseDebug, dataRequestInterval, \
            radiationMonitorUrl

 
     index = 1
     while index < len(sys.argv):
         if sys.argv[index] == '-d':
             debugOption = True

         elif sys.argv[index] == '-v':
             debugOption = True
             verboseDebug = True

         elif sys.argv[index] == '-t':
             try:

                 dataRequestInterval = abs(int(sys.argv[index + 1]))

             except:
                 print "invalid polling period"
                 exit(-1)
             index += 1
         elif sys.argv[index] == '-u':

             radiationMonitorUrl = sys.argv[index + 1]

             index += 1
         else:
             cmd_name = sys.argv[0].split('/')

             print "Usage: %s [-d] [-t seconds] [-u url}" % cmd_name[-1]

             exit(-1)
         index += 1
 ##end def
 
 def main():

     """Handles timing of events and acts as executive routine managing
        all other functions.

        Parameters: none

        Returns: nothing

     """

     signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, terminateAgentProcess)

 
     print '%s starting up radmon agent process' % \
                   (getTimeStamp())

     # last time output JSON file updated
     lastDataRequestTime = -1
     # last time charts generated
     lastChartUpdateTime = - 1
     # last time the rrdtool database updated
     lastDatabaseUpdateTime = -1
 

     ## Get command line arguments.
     getCLarguments()
 

     ## Exit with error if rrdtool database does not exist.

     if not os.path.exists(_RRD_FILE):

         print 'rrdtool database does not exist\n' \

               'use createRadmonRrd script to ' \

               'create rrdtool database\n'

         exit(1)
  
     ## main loop
     while True:
 

         currentTime = time.time() # get current time in seconds

         # Every web update interval request data from the radiation
         # monitor and process the received data.
         if currentTime - lastDataRequestTime > dataRequestInterval:
             lastDataRequestTime = currentTime

             dData = {}

             result = True
 
             # Get the data string from the device.

             sData = getRadiationData()

             if sData == None:
                 result = False
 
             # If successful parse the data.
             if result:

                 result = parseDataString(sData, dData)

 
             # If parsing successful, convert the data.
             if result:

                 result = convertData(dData)

             # If conversion successful, write data to data files.

             if result:

                 writeOutputDataFile(dData)

                 # At the rrdtool database update interval, update the database.

                 if currentTime - lastDatabaseUpdateTime > \
                         _DATABASE_UPDATE_INTERVAL:   

                     lastDatabaseUpdateTime = currentTime
                     ## Update the round robin database with the parsed data.

                     updateDatabase(dData)
 
             # Set the station status to online or offline depending on the
             # success or failure of the above operations.
             setStationStatus(result)
 

 
         # At the chart generation interval, generate charts.
         if currentTime - lastChartUpdateTime > _CHART_UPDATE_INTERVAL:
             lastChartUpdateTime = currentTime
             p = multiprocessing.Process(target=generateGraphs, args=())
             p.start()
 
         # Relinquish processing back to the operating system until
         # the next update interval.
 
         elapsedTime = time.time() - currentTime

         if debugOption and not verboseDebug:

             pass #print

         if verboseDebug:
             print "processing time: %6f sec\n" % elapsedTime

         remainingTime = dataRequestInterval - elapsedTime
         if remainingTime > 0.0:

             time.sleep(remainingTime)
     ## end while

     return

 ## end def
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':

     try:
         main()
     except KeyboardInterrupt:

         print '\n',
         terminateAgentProcess('KeyboardInterrupt','Module')